Therefore, an accessible clinical index will help in identifying ARDs concomitant to AIDs that can lead to prevention of progress in inflamm-aging. In daily clinical work, the inner cause and effect of RA and ARDs reflecting the inflamm-aging process are usually neglected. 7 Nevertheless, a recognized clinical marker is currently lacking that could be applied in daily clinical practice to interpret the inflamm-aging process. 6 Pro-inflammatory cells and cytokines that participate in the inflamm-aging process have been broadly investigated. 5 Trf2 is a telomere associated protein having a crucial role in the maintenance of telomere. In autoimmune diseases, leptin resistance is observed, which has a role in the generation and maintenance of autoimmunity. Leptin regulates both innate and adaptive immunity mainly through pro-inflammatory effects. 2 Evidence from clinical observations suggested that patients with AID like RA, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis and Behcet’s disease, exhibit susceptibility to ARDs, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes etc. 1 The concept of inflamm-aging has gained ground because chronic inflammation proved to be one of the mechanisms that could contribute to the pathogenesis of senility and age-related diseases (ARDs). Besides bone and cartilage of joints being most susceptible tissues, other organs could also be involved in the disease manifestations, including anaemia, osteoporosis, infection, and damage to skin or lungs. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common, systemic, chronic autoimmune diseases (AID).
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